Sunday, November 8, 2015

Reflective Journal Week 11: Building a Culture of Safety

1) I expected to learn about building a culture of safety in the healthcare environment.

2) I actually learned about ensuring risk management teams are available in health care settings to build cultures of safety. In healthcare, there are multiple potential possibilities for death and disability. The vision of risk management is to build resilient systems with a goal of zero avoidable harm. Risk can be measure in terms of likelihood and consequences. Human error, performance limitation and accidents are all potential risks. Safeguards and systems need to be put in place to foresee and plan for risk, implement processes to decrease risk, and recover from adverse events.

Organizing a culture of safety involves leadership commitment, trust in communication, shared importance on safety, teamwork and support/encouragement, and reporting/analysis systems (Pronovost, et al., 2003). Most methods suggest focusing on the clinical microsystem where physicians and patients meet, and then focusing on a meaningful change. Methods also suggest viewing the whole causal system and not just a single root cause.

Risk management aims to ensure healthcare providers are acting in the best interests of the patient. If errors do occur, patients and their family members should be informed about it and the cause of it. Disclosure is very important following errors in hospital settings. This way, improvements can be made and others can learn from the experience to prevent it from happening again.

3) The article “It’s Hard to Kill a Healthy 15-Year-Old” (Johnson, Haskell & Barach, 2012) made me sick inside to read. I was honestly amazed at how poor of communication and care processes this single patient received. The patient was hemorrhaging internally with peritonitis, tachycardia, poor pulses, paleness and abdominal pain. There were so many signs pointing out that something was extremely wrong with the patient.  I mean, when a nurse gives a pain medication, and the pain continues to persist or worsen, other forms of medication should be considered while discontinuing the one causing increased discomfort or symptoms.  A nurse or pharmacist could have double checked to ensure the dosing was proper for the patient, or even determine whether the medication was appropriate for his age category. I was shocked that they were ambulating the patient to relieve him of his “gas pains” while he was hemodynamically unstable. It just makes me sick to think about, and I feel so bad for the mother, father and sister that had to deal with his tragic death.

This depressing and devastating case study proves to me how important wearing a badge is that indicates one’s title and abilities. It proves to me how important communicating with physicians and other experienced professionals is when patients display initial signs of worsening. I appreciated that the parents tracked down the patient’s information and remained diligent in finding his cause of death. What if she hadn’t? No Hospital Patient Safety Acts would have been created to help protect other patients. I hope all health care facilities have risk management teams to ensure safe implementation of processes where risks can be foreseen and prevented.

4) I plan to disclose the cause of errors with patients/family members and filling out an Incident Report form so risk management teams will be aware of problems in the microsystem and can help plan ways to fix them so other patients can be protected. (My goal, of course, is to not let errors occur—as is all well-meaning care providers.)

5) I will restate my personal feelings about the case study. It is entirely devastating that a family lost their son to a chain of errors from incompetent providers. Yes, hindsight makes things easier. A novice nurse being told by a resident physician her patient has gas pains, will likely not doubt and continue to believe this fact (while simultaneously causing more harm to the patient by ambulating him). A more experienced nurse will question what the resident says and look deeper into the problem at hand with the patient. The nurse will also take action to make things better for the patient!

References

Johnson, J., Haskell, H., & Barach, P. (2012). The Lewis Blackman Hospital Patient Safety Act:   It’s hard to kill a healthy 15-year-old. In C.P. McLaughlin, J. K. Johnson, & W. A. Sollecito (Eds.), Implementing continuous quality improvement in health care: A global casebook (pp. 5-14). USA: Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC


Provonost, P., Weast, B., Holzmueller, C. G., et al., (2003). Evaluation of the culture of safety:    Survey of clinicians and managers in an academic medical center. Quality Safety in Health Care, 12: 405-410.

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