Sunday, November 15, 2015

Reflective Journal Week 12: Errors and Near Misses


1) I expected to learn about errors and near misses with patients in the healthcare setting.

2) I learned just this and more about specific case studies that were so devastating, I don’t think I will ever forget about them! (This is a good thing because it will always remind me to slow down while giving care to patients.) I first watched a playlist movie on the Nursing 4550 Quality and Safety page (Stop MICRA, 2014). It was about Dennis Quaid, his wife, and twins they had long awaited for and were finally born. Both twins developed a staph infection soon after birth and were admitted to the NICU. A nurse accidentally gave a dose of heparin ten times the ordered dose to clear the twins’ lines. The twins were basically bleeding out and unable to clot their blood. Miraculously, they survived, but their stay was extended much longer and their parents had to deal with this traumatic experience. After the event, Dennis Quaid decided to let this information out to the public in hopes of preventing human medical errors in the future. The interviewer on 60 Minutes had even asked the pharmaceutical company why the adult Heparin vial and pediatric vials were so similar—and how come they were not recalled after wards. The representative of the pharmaceutical company basically said it wasn’t their fault and nurses need to carefully read labels before administering medications.

I agree with this statement, but I also can see how these types of errors occur. Human Factors Theory refers to “the relationship between human behavior, system design and safety this is becoming increasingly influential in helping us understand the causation of errors, accidents and failures in health care systems” (Royal College of Nursing, 2015).  There are three main factors that can attribute to human errors, namely job, individual, and environment. Individual nurses may be fatigued, feel rushed, or lack certain training when caring for patients. The system at the hospital may not have many safety rules or procedures to follow. The environment may be dimly lit, chaotic, or lack necessary machines to do one’s job effectively (or the technological equipment is in need of repair). These all contribute to how safely a nurse will render care to her patient. To help solve these problems, risks need to be identified in each of these areas to help prevent potential errors before they occur—because in healthcare, errors that do occur can result in accidental death.

3) I was saddened and surprised after reading the case study (Johnson, Haskell & Barach, 2016) that we discussed as a group. A nurse spiked an enteral feeding bag with IV tubing and administered it to a pregnant patient through her PICC line. The patient was supposed to receive TPN which is compatible with a PICC line and yellow in color. (Vastly different from brownish-gray feeding tube solutions). The patient’s baby died from excessive fat clogging its vasculature, and the patient also coded and died soon after. The error of administering an enteral formula via the patient’s intravenous line was not noticed for 6 entire hours. During this time, the formula continued to infuse and cause the patient to experience more pain and difficulty breathing. The patient’s family was not notified that the error had occurred until the very last minute. In addition, the deceased patient left her husband a widow to raise his 3-year old son alone.

The case study was written by the patient Robin’s mother, Glenda Rodgers. She was a Registered Nurse herself with many years in obstetrics. From Glenda’s perspective she wishes to this day she would have questioned more what was going on with her daughter so they could have intervened earlier and potentially saved Robin’s life. Glenda wonders if she was too trusting. Glenda ended her account by stating that if patients and families are asking questions, they are not questioning your ability and authority as a nurse. They are genuinely concerned, and as their nurse, you should be as well. Diligently seeking out and finding a resolution to questions can help save patient lives.

I also learned about Just Culture. Traditionally, healthcare’s culture has held individuals accountable for errors and mishaps that befall patients under their care.  In contrast, a Just Culture recognizes that individual practitioners should not be held accountable for system failings over which they have no control (American Nurses Association, 2010, p. 2). A culture that focuses on “no blame” helps clinicians feel more safe and open about reporting errors and near misses that occurred. This way, risk management teams can learn of the errors/patient harms, and intervene quickly by new process implementation, in hopes of preventing the reoccurrence of the event. This leads to better patient safety outcomes and improved processes in a healthcare system.

4) I plan to admit near misses by filing out incident reports. I also plan to slow down when caring for patients, more diligently seek out answers to patient/family concerns, and always follow policies and procedures I’ve been trained on. (If I have not been trained on something, I will openly communicate that with my charge nurse and find ways to safely care for the patient within my scope and with other nurses’ help if needed). I will continue to ask questions when in doubt as well—this is a practice I have always strived to do anyway.

5) I enjoyed this unit immensely. Yes, it was very disheartening to learn about, but reading the cases helped instill important lessons in my mind of listening to and valuing patient concerns. If something doesn’t feel right with a patient, I will further assess the problem to find the safest solutions for the patient.

References

American Nurses Association (2010). Position statement: Just culture. Retrieved online from             http://nursingworld.org/psjustculture

Johnson, J. K., Haskell, H. W., & Barach, P. R. (2016). Case studies in patient safety:        Foundations for core competencies. Case 18, p. 231-245. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Royal College of Nursing (2015). Human factors in patient safety. Retrieved online from             https://www.rcn.org.uk/development/practice/cpd_online_learning/making_sense_of_pati            ent_safety/human_factors_in_patient_safety
  

Stop MICRA (2014). Dennis Quaid talks about his twins and medical negligence. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEDMYsm3Nxs&index=7&list=PLUuOgSK-            0gzFyneo6CVElbN1wWLO1YGth

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